Among different insect orders, only 8 have been recognized by insect taxonomists which have some communal life. Out of these 8 orders only two orders viz. Isoptera and Hymenoptera have well developed social organization. Even in Hymenoptera, only two families namely Halictidae and Apidae of superfamily Apoidea contain fully social species. Most of other bees live solitary life. Social behaviour Honey bees are among the fully social insects having overlap of many generations in the same nest. The colony is a well organized social group having division of labour in terms of laying of eggs, nursing, comb building, guarding, food collection and its storage. They have well developed communication system through different types of dances as well as trophallaxis. Biological communication can be defined as…

वाणिज्यिक मधुमक्खी पालन का आर्थिक मूल्य संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में कृषि एक प्रमुख उद्योग है जिसका हर बारह नौकरियों में से एक से सीधा संबंध है। बीसवीं सदी की शुरुआत से, ‘प्रवासी’ मधुमक्खी पालकों ने यू.एस. फसलों की एक विस्तृत विविधता को परागित करने के लिए मौसमी रूप से अपने छत्तों को स्थानांतरित करके कृषि। वाणिज्यिक मधुमक्खी पालन प्रत्येक वर्ष कृषि के लिए $15 और $20 बिलियन का आर्थिक मूल्य जोड़ता है। उपज के बिना वाणिज्यिक परागण सेवाओं से संभव हुई वृद्धि, खाद्य कीमतों में वृद्धि होगी, हमारे कृषि क्षेत्र विश्व स्तर पर तेजी से कम प्रतिस्पर्धी बनते हैं, और हमारी खाद्य आपूर्ति की सुरक्षा और विविधता होगी कम करना। जंगली कीट परागणकों की आबादी पहले से ही गंभीर गिरावट में है । मधुमक्खी पालन…

Knowing when to harvest Honey can be extracted when it has been capped over by the bees on the comb. At this stage, the honey will have been ‘matured’ by the bees, sealed up and is ready to eat. Often, when you want to remove the honey, not all will have been sealed. I always use a rule of thumb here if three quarters of the honey is sealed, I am happy to remove it from the hive. This is an important point. If you extract honey that has not been sealed, the water content will inevitably be too high, and the honey will ferment in storage and explode if sealed in a jar or tank. It will also taste foul if this happens. You…